Price policy concept for retail enterprises export and import operations

Assessing Nonresponse Bias in the International Price Program's Import and Export Price Index Surveys

Abstract The IPP’s Import and Export Price Index Surveys provide estimates of the change in prices of goods and services purchased by U.S. residents from foreign merchants or sold to foreign buyers by U.S. residents. In order to meet new Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards and guidelines for statistical surveys, research was conducted using a three-phase approach to assess the effec...

Iran’s Maize Import Policy Based on the Exchange Rate Volatility and Price Expectation

The present study has made an attempt to discuss the effects of exchange rate volatility and price expectation on maize imports in Iran from 1980 to 2013. In doing so, using the EGARCH technique for time series econometrics, price volatility variables for both exchange rate and final price have been calculated, and the time series for these variables have been extracted. Additionally, in regard...

Export and Import Price Index Manual -- Theory and Practice; December 2009

Price Transparency and Retail Prices

Price transparency initiatives are typically undertaken by third parties to ensure that consumers can compare the prices of competing offers in markets where obtaining such information is costly. Such practices have recently become widespread, yet it is unclear whether the increased price competition due to lower search costs overcomes the potential for collusion between competitors due to lowe...

Export Import Price Index Manual 24. Measuring the Effects of Changes in the Terms of Trade

A terms of trade index is generally defined as an economy’s index of export prices divided by an index of import prices. The implementation of this definition would not warrant a chapter in a textbook or in a Manual: it is more or less straightforward. However, many economists over the years have observed that an improvement in an economy’s terms of trade has effects that are very similar to an...